Web Almanac 2020: Markup

The current state of mastering the craft of HTML.

On HTML (and HTML in 2020)

On three major aspects of HTML, and how we’re doing on them.

In critical defense of front-end development

Why the field of frontend development is in a bizarre mess.

The 3-second frontend developer test

What if you have to hire a frontend developer and only one question?

Comparing page language declaration setups in screen readers

A test with four of the most popular screen readers.

The 19 ways of writing HTML

What’s your HMTL writing style?

Minimal social markup

The absolute minimum you need to get a meaningful result.

0 of the global top 100 websites use valid HTML (in 2022)

“We’re at the absolute low point with HTML.”

48 laws, rules, and principles of web development

Four dozen suggestions for web and software developers.

Must-try web design and development tools

200 web tools that make your web development/design life easier.

Web Glossary

3,000+ key concepts and terms of the web explained.

The most minimal valid HTML document

ChatGPT is not able to optimize HTML at this time.

What happened to SoC in frontend development

Is “HTML for semantics, CSS for style, JS for interactivity” still valid?

On the uniting power of a commitment to HTML conformance

Why do we, as front-end developers, miss such an opportunity?

0 of the global top 100 websites use valid HTML (in 2023)

Nothing has changed compared to last year.

Tips for becoming an indie author

Practical advice for crafting and publishing your own book.

Know the HTML ‘search’ element

The latest member of the HTML family explained.

Rote Learning HTML & CSS

“This is one of the most boring books you’ll ever read.”

Why I don’t block AI scrapers

“I’m betting on more legal action against what looks like theft.”

The HTML history and optimization cheat sheet

An overview to compare HTML elements and specifications.

0.5% of the global top 200 websites use valid HTML

Almost all use faulty, non-existent, or broken HTML.

JavaScript frameworks, in their own words

How popular UI frameworks and libraries present themselves.

HTML conformance

A comparison of 6.5 popular npm validator packages.

HTML defaults of 10 JavaScript frameworks

“I’m less skeptical about JavaScript frameworks now.”

HTML conformance in 2025

“0 of the global top 200 websites use valid HTML.”

“If HTML is a programming language, yet virtually no one writes error-free HTML code, there can be only one conclusion: HTML is the most difficult programming language in the world.”